Suchergebnisse

Administrative department as a mechanism of resource allocation -- The evaluation criteria for efficiency and fairness on resource allocation led by the administrative departments -- Applying rent seeking theory to analyze resource allocation by the administrative departments -- The efficiency and fairness of educational resource allocation by the administrative departments -- Efficiency and fairness allocation of medical resources by administrative departments -- Efficiency and justice of land resource allocation by the administrativedepartments -- Basic conclusions and reform suggestions -- References.

In China, the government controls a large part of resources, such as land, energy, bank savings, and so on. This book studies the efficiency and fairness of resources allocation by governmental administration in China. The book states that it is neither fair nor efficient to allocate resources by the governmental administrations. These resources should be allocated by the market. The book analyzes the resources allocation by government administration in three key areas namely education, health care, and land. A quantitive analysis is developed for describing more precisely the situation of unfairness in fiscal resources allocation. This book also describes how ordinary people address the misposition of resources by governmental administrations by migrating from the provinces with less resources to the provinces with more resources in education or health care. Thus, the book concludes that the actual allocation of resources is determined by the interactions between ordinary people and the government

Intro -- Contents -- The Effect of this Research Reform Program -- The Effectiveness of the Reform -- Summary -- Abstract -- Members of the Research Team -- Acknowledgments -- Division of Work -- Chapter 1 Economic Subjects and Markets in the Medical Field -- I. The Patient: The Situation Before the Professional Doctor Appeared and the Basic Characteristics of the Patient -- 1. Uncertainty -- 2. Lack of price elasticity in demand -- 3. Lack of medical knowledge and low self-medical efficiency -- II. Doctors and the Simple Medical Market -- 1. Generalized doctor: Medical and pharmaceutical -- (1) A kind of private goods -- (2) Competition and geographic monopoly -- (3) Having certain externalities -- (4) Information asymmetry and agency problem -- (5) Emergency situations -- 2. Patient after the appearance of professional doctors -- (1) Uncertainty -- (2) The price elasticity of demand is close to zero -- (3) The doctor brings medical knowledge and at the same time forms an information asymmetry with the patient -- (4) The doctor's medical efficiency is much higher than that of the patient, forming a potential monopoly advantage -- 3. The market with patients and doctors in a broad sense -- (1) A standard market -- (2) Deviation of geographical monopoly from competitive markets -- (3) Difficulties in pricing life and health hinder the formation of equilibrium prices -- (4) Information asymmetry and agency problems are generally solved by the reputation mechanism -- (5) An emergency has weakened the bargaining mechanism -- (6) Lack of effective solutions for infectious diseases and other public health problems -- III. The Pharmaceutical Industry: The Situation After the Division of Labor Between Medical and Pharmaceutical Branches -- 1. Medicine makers and medical equipment manufacturers -- (1) Private goods -- (2) Supply competitiveness.

This book provides a comprehensive and unique perspective on China's oil and natural gas industry and a practical roadmap to reforms. The book begins with a thorough examination of the status quo of China's oil and natural gas industry. It explores the evolution, transition, and characteristics of the oil industry of China, and unveils the problems that caused ineffectiveness of the oil and petroleum products market, namely, the dominance of monopoly enterprises, price regulation, and restriction to entry. It provides an insightful analysis on the efficiency losses and welfare losses the monopoly system brings to the society as the current system distorts income distribution, violates the principle of fairness, and stands against the market rules and the legal pillars of the Chinese constitution. This book argues that the monopoly system in the oil industry of China results in a variety of toxic influences and that reforms are needed. It then offers a roadmap to reforms in the oil and petroleum products market in an incremental fashion. The findings and proposals of the Chinese version of this book have proved to be successful, as they led to immediate shifts in the policies of the Chinese authorities. This book provides valuable insights into the urgency involved in carrying out reforms in the oil and petroleum products market in China, with concrete and up-to-date statistics, comprehensive and detailed analyses, and authoritative and authentic sources